From MLWE to RLWE: A Differential Fault Attack on Randomized & Deterministic Dilithium

Authors

  • Mohamed ElGhamrawy NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
  • Melissa Azouaoui NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany
  • Olivier Bronchain NXP Semiconductors, Leuven, Belgium
  • Joost Renes NXP Semiconductors, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
  • Tobias Schneider NXP Semiconductors, Gratkorn, Austria
  • Markus Schönauer NXP Semiconductors, Gratkorn, Austria
  • Okan Seker NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany
  • Christine van Vredendaal NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i4.262-286

Keywords:

Post-Quantum Cryptography, Differential Fault Attacks, Dilithium, Lattice Reduction

Abstract

The post-quantum digital signature scheme CRYSTALS-Dilithium has been recently selected by the NIST for standardization. Implementing CRYSTALSDilithium, and other post-quantum cryptography schemes, on embedded devices raises a new set of challenges, including ones related to performance in terms of speed and memory requirements, but also related to side-channel and fault injection attacks security. In this work, we investigated the latter and describe a differential fault attack on the randomized and deterministic versions of CRYSTALS-Dilithium. Notably, the attack requires a few instructions skips and is able to reduce the MLWE problem that Dilithium is based on to a smaller RLWE problem which can be practically solved with lattice reduction techniques. Accordingly, we demonstrated key recoveries using hints extracted on the secret keys from the same faulted signatures using the LWE with side-information framework introduced by Dachman-Soled et al. at CRYPTO’20. As a final contribution, we proposed algorithmic countermeasures against this attack and in particular showed that the second one can be parameterized to only induce a negligible overhead over the signature generation.

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Published

2023-08-31

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Section

Articles

How to Cite

From MLWE to RLWE: A Differential Fault Attack on Randomized & Deterministic Dilithium. (2023). IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, 2023(4), 262-286. https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i4.262-286