TY - JOUR AU - Guimarães, Antonio AU - Borin, Edson AU - Aranha, Diego F. PY - 2021/02/23 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Revisiting the functional bootstrap in TFHE JF - IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems JA - TCHES VL - 2021 IS - 2 SE - Articles DO - 10.46586/tches.v2021.i2.229-253 UR - https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/8793 SP - 229-253 AB - <p>The FHEW cryptosystem introduced the idea that an arbitrary function can be evaluated within the bootstrap procedure as a table lookup. The faster bootstraps of TFHE strengthened this approach, which was later named <em>Functional Bootstrap</em> (Boura <em>et al.</em>, CSCML’19). From then on, little effort has been made towards defining efficient ways of using it to implement functions with high precision. In this paper, we introduce two methods to combine multiple functional bootstraps to accelerate the evaluation of reasonably large look-up tables and highly precise functions. We thoroughly analyze and experimentally validate the error propagation in both methods, as well as in the functional bootstrap itself. We leverage the multi-value bootstrap of Carpov <em>et al.</em> (CT-RSA’19) to accelerate (single) lookup table evaluation, and we improve it by lowering the complexity of its error variance growth from quadratic to linear in the value of the output base. Compared to previous literature using TFHE’s functional bootstrap, our methods are up to 2.49 times faster than the lookup table evaluation of Carpov <em>et al.</em> (CT-RSA’19) and up to 3.19 times faster than the 32-bit integer comparison of Bourse <em>et al.</em> (CT-RSA’20). Compared to works using logic gates, we achieved speedups of up to 6.98, 8.74, and 3.55 times over 8-bit implementations of the functions ReLU, Addition, and Maximum, respectively.</p> ER -